Scientific Views Are Based on Evidence Rather Than an Appeal

question 13

Multiple Choice

Scientific views are based on evidence rather than an appeal to authority. Which of the following statements demonstrates a conclusion based on an appeal to authority?

• A) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because a study of branching patterns show that some of the oldest lineages of Osteichthyes have lungs.
• B) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Darwin wrote that swim bladders evolved before lungs in The Origin of Species.
• C) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because the oldest osteichthyan fossils show lungs arising before swim bladders.
• D) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Hox genes direct the evolution of swim bladders but not of lungs.

Analyze the impact of varying activity levels on total budgeted overhead costs.

Prepare and adjust budgets for different measures of activity (e.g., number of customers served, number of jobs, machine-hours).

Interpret various components of a flexible budget, including revenue, expenses, and net operating income.

Understand the concept of flexible budgets and their importance in performance management.

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Definitions:

Social Psychologists

Social Psychologists study how individuals think, influence, and relate to one another within a societal context.

Ergonomists

Ergonomists specialize in designing and arranging workplaces, products, and systems to fit the people who use them, aiming to increase efficiency and reduce discomfort or injury.

Biopsychologist

A professional who studies the biological bases of behavior and mental functions, exploring how brain and other biological systems influence behavior.

Brain Damage

Physical injury to the brain, which can result in impaired physical, cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.