The Circulatory Systems of Bony Fishes, Rays, and Sharks Are

question 35

Multiple Choice

The circulatory systems of bony fishes, rays, and sharks are most similar to ________.

• A) those of birds, with a four-chambered heart
• B) the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber
• C) those of sponges, where gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external environment
• D) those of humans, where there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow

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Definitions:

Kübler-Ross' Stages

A framework outlining five stages of grief (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance) experienced by those facing significant loss.

Terminal Disease

A condition or illness that is progressive and incurable, inevitably leading to death.

Anger

A strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.

Denial

A psychological defense mechanism wherein individuals refuse to accept reality or facts, often as a way to avoid coping with unpleasant emotions.