According to Bottom-Up and Top-Down Control Models of Community Organization

question 26

Multiple Choice

According to bottom-up and top-down control models of community organization, which of the following expressions would imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C) population would negatively impact its prey (P) population, but not vice versa? The arrows between species indicate a negative impact toward the population at the arrowhead.

• A) P ← C
• B) P → C
• C) C ↔ P
• D) P ← C → P

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Definitions:

Pulmonary Edema

The accumulation of fluid in the lungs' air sacs, leading to breathing difficulties.

Respiratory Membrane

The thin barrier through which gas exchange occurs between the alveolar air and the blood in the lungs.

Alveolar Epithelium

The thin layer of cells that lines the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, playing a key role in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Vital Capacity

Greatest volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after a maximum inspiration.