In E Coli, the Adenine in the Sequence GATC Is Methylated

question 2

Multiple Choice

In E. coli, the adenine in the sequence GATC is methylated by the Dam enzyme. In the same cells, a restriction endonuclease recognizes and cleaves dsDNA with the sequence GATC on either strand. Why does E. coli have these two enzymes?

• A) The enzymes cut the E. coli genome into pieces that bind to viral particles and inhibit viral replication.
• B) The enzymes increase the rate of mutation and genome rearrangement, thus increasing the likelihood that E. coli cells will mutate and become resistant to viral infection.
• C) The enzymes encourage lysogeny because the cleavage sites are recognized by viral integrases.
• D) The enzymes protect E. coli from infection by preferentially degrading viral or other exogenous DNA that is not methylated.

Understand the calculation and significance of average costs (average fixed costs, average variable costs, and average total costs).

Apply the concept of marginal costs and its relation to business production decisions.

Recognize how the choice of production techniques impacts cost and efficiency.

Analyze how changes in output affect costs (including fixed, variable, and marginal costs).

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Definitions:

Filtering

The process by which information is selectively chosen or modified before it is communicated to others, often to avoid negative reactions or to manipulate perceptions.

Grapevine

An informal communication network within an organization, where information, rumors, and gossip are spread beyond official channels.

Management by Walking Around

A management style where leaders informally check in with employees, gather insights, and foster open communication by literally walking around the workplace.

Communication Model

A theoretical framework that describes the process of transmitting and receiving messages or information between two or more parties.