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Why Are Phylogenetic Studies of Viruses More Challenging Than Bacteria

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Essay

Why are phylogenetic studies of viruses more challenging than Bacteria? Explain how genes are selected in viruses for phylogeny and the constraints those create.


Definitions:

Policies

are formal guidelines or strategies designed to guide decisions and actions within organizations, governments, or other entities.

Principle Of "Double Effect"

An ethical theory that allows for actions which cause serious harm as a side effect of promoting some good end, under certain conditions.

Operational Excesses

Instances where activities exceed the bounds of standard, acceptable, or ethical practices within organizational operations.

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