The Structural and Trophic Foundation of Coral Reefs Is a Mutualistic

question 18

Multiple Choice

The structural and trophic foundation of coral reefs is a mutualistic relationship between

• A) cyanobacteria and sponges (Porifera).
• B) chemolithotrophic bacteria and stony corals (Cnidaria).
• C) dinoflagellates and stony corals (Cnidaria).
• D) cyanobacteria and stony corals (Cnidaria).

Recognize and differentiate between various sutures of the skull.

Understand the composition and function of fontanelles.

Identify and explain the significance of different vertebrae and their features.

Distinguish between the true ribs, false ribs, and their anatomical positioning.

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Definitions:

Pelvic Bone

A structure at the base of the spine consisting of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis, supporting the spine and protecting lower abdominal and internal reproductive organs.

Fibula

A long, thin bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, in the lower leg.

Calcaneus

Also known as the heel bone, the calcaneus is crucial for walking, running, and jumping, absorbing impact and providing leverage.

Conoid Tubercle

A small, bony prominence on the inferior surface of the clavicle, which serves as a ligament attachment site.