Suppose You Are a Civil Judge in England in the Late

question 25

Essay

Suppose you are a civil judge in England in the late 18th century who has read Cesare Beccaria's book On Crimes and Punishments and become convinced of the principles defended in it. Describe how your outlook might affect your philosophy of sentencing, particularly as compared with what might be typical for the time.

---

Definitions:

Taxes

Compulsory contributions to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.

Aggregate Demand

The collective call for goods and services in an economy, marked at a certain price level for a given time interval.

Multiplier

The ratio of change in an economic output to a change in an input, such as the increase in public spending leading to a larger increase in the national income.

Consumption Spending

Expenditures by households on goods and services, excluding purchases of new housing.