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The lab report also details the results of a negative stain performed on the bacteria in the urine sample, in which the background of the sample is stained, rather than the cells themselves. The report indicates that the cells have a clear halo around them, indicating the presence of a(n) ________. You explain to Petrus that this structure helps bacteria avoid ________, part of the immune response.
Proteolytic Processing
The enzymatic breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids, often for activation or degradation of the protein.
Ubiquitin-Tagged Proteins
Proteins marked for degradation by the cell's proteasome system through the attachment of ubiquitin molecules.
Chemical Modification
A process involving the alteration of the chemical structure of a molecule, which can impact its function, stability, or interaction with other molecules.
Protein Degradation
The process by which proteins are broken down into their amino acid components, usually by cellular mechanisms, to regulate protein levels and quality control.
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