Which of the Following Represent Poor Scholarly Writing And, Consequently

question 2

Multiple Choice

Which of the following represent poor scholarly writing and, consequently, should not appear as they are written in a journal article?

• A)"Regretfully nobody in the control group survived past three years this is because of the continued effects of the disease process itself if untreated it is fatal."
• B)"Results of the study indicated that causation was directional in the A, B, F, and K groups however none were identified as impacting the final outcome."
• C)"We as experienced researchers cannot explain why the intervention failed in not one, but three consecutive mini-trails, numbers 5, 6, and 7, becoming suddenly effective in the subsequent twenty-three mini-trials. We checked and rechecked instrument calibrations, controlled diligently for intra-rater reliability, recomputed coefficients of change, trended all data, reentered data manually, examined the effect of sixteen potentially extraneous variables, and ultimately ended as baffled as we started."
• D)"The result's were a complete surprise. 44% of the control subject's experienced spontaneous remission's."
• E)"Attrition continued over the course of the experiment, with additive attrition of 2% in the first quarter, 5% in the second quarter, 16% in the third quarter, and 25% in the fourth. In the second year, attrition claimed another half of the sample. Data collection was suspended after the eighth quarter, since the results had limited applicability, due to extensive attrition."
• F)"An inadequate sample threatened to end the study. Inclusion criteria were broadened, to include those who had participated in clinical research, in the past, but there were no takers."
• G)"There was no way of determining who's answers had been positive on the pre-test, until the post-test was completed."

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Definitions:

Group Polarization

The phenomenon where discussions within a cohesive group lead to the adoption of more extreme positions or attitudes than initially held by individual group members.

Racially Prejudiced

Holding prejudgment, bias, or discrimination against individuals based on their race or ethnicity.

Just-world Phenomenon

The cognitive bias that assumes good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people.

Groupthink

A psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people, where the desire for harmony and conformity results in irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcomes.