Which of the Following Would Be Non-Physiological Measures That Could

question 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be non-physiological measures that could be used in nursing research?

• A)Surveys that determine the percentage of counseling appointments that have decreased psychological pain in the 72 hours following each appointment
• B)Photographs of chimpanzee chromosomes
• C)Observation ratings of the depth of a pressure ulcer
• D)Surgical interventions intended to ablate pain
• E)Opinion surveys of what patients want to have included in their discharge teaching after outpatient surgery

---

Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A process in behavioral psychology where the removal of an undesirable stimulus strengthens a behavior.

Partial Reinforcement

A conditioning schedule in which a reward is not given every time the desired response is made, enhancing resistance to extinction of the behavior.

Successive Approximations

A process in behaviorism where behaviors are broken down into small, achievable steps towards a final goal, often used in learning and conditioning.

Delayed Reinforcement

The presentation of a reward following a behavior after a significant period of time, which can impact the effectiveness of the reinforcement.