John Stuart Mill Insisted That in Order for Causation to Be

question 37

Multiple Choice

John Stuart Mill insisted that in order for causation to be demonstrated, there must be no alternative explanation for why a change in one variable leads to a change in the other variable. This concept of alternative explanations is the idea that underlies which type of validity?

• A)Construct validity
• B)Internal validity
• C)External validity
• D)Statistical conclusion validity

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Definitions:

Scientific Method

A systematic process for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge through observation and experiment.

Evaluating Conclusions

The process of assessing the soundness, validity, or plausibility of the outcomes derived from research or reasoning.

Theory

A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations.

Observations

Observations involve the active acquisition of information from a primary source, using the senses as the primary data collection tools.