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You are graduating from nursing school in three months and have already lined up a new job. However, your employer informs you that before you start your job, it is mandatory for you to be vaccinated against hepatitis B, a double-stranded DNA virus that can cause the disease hepatitis. Your boyfriend, a biology major, wonders why you need to get the vaccine. You aced your microbiology class and you know a lot about both viruses and vaccines, so you understand why getting this vaccination is essential. You give your boyfriend a mini lesson on this by answering a few of his questions.
-Your boyfriend asks how animal viruses enter a host cell. You tell him that they can use one of two mechanisms:
Fossil Record
The accumulation of evidences, such as bones, shells, or imprints, left by organisms in sedimentary rocks, providing a historical sequence of life on Earth.
Speciation
The evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species, typically through genetic isolation from other populations.
Isolated Population
A group of organisms that is physically or genetically separated from others of the same species, leading to distinct evolutionary paths.
Sexual Isolation
It refers to a type of prezygotic barrier where different species are isolated from each other by differences in mating rituals, timing, or other behaviors, preventing mating.
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