How Do Some Pathogens Prevent Complement Activation or Avoid the Effects

question 52

Multiple Choice

How do some pathogens prevent complement activation or avoid the effects of activated complement?

• A) Some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection.
• B) Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway.
• C) Some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection.
• D) Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection.
• E) Some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection.

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Definitions:

Habitual Behaviors

Actions that are regularly practiced, often performed unconsciously due to being ingrained through repetition in daily routines.

Second-Order Conditioning

A form of conditioning where a stimulus that's paired with a conditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus itself.

Classical Conditioning

A training method where two signals are consistently associated together, leading to a situation where a reaction originally triggered by the second signal is later triggered by the first signal on its own.

Negative Side Effects

Undesirable and harmful outcomes or reactions caused by medication, treatment, or intervention.