A Number of Viruses Often Include a Similar Set of Symptoms

question 41

Multiple Choice

A number of viruses often include a similar set of symptoms when they cause an infectious disease state (fever, headache, fatigue, runny nose) . Why would they all cause the same symptoms if they're different viruses?

• A) They all possess the same basic virulence genes and molecules, so they all trigger the same responses.
• B) The symptoms are associated with the immune system's response, NOT the molecules from the pathogens themselves. Our responses against viruses are fairly similar, regardless of virus type, so the symptoms are similar.
• C) Most viruses infect the upper respiratory tract. This leads to the common set of symptoms listed above. Only a few viruses infect areas away from this region.
• D) Viruses specifically infect mainly epithelial membranes. As such, the virally induced reaction is similar in different areas of the body due to the same basic cell types (epithelial cells) being infected in each area.
• E) All animal viruses must attach to and enter host cells. Since this step in the life cycle is identical in all viruses, the signs and symptoms that follow will also be identical.

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Definitions:

Aerobic Bacteria

Bacteria that require oxygen for their growth and survival, playing essential roles in processes such as composting and in the treatment of sewage.

Oxygen-demanding Waste

Organic waste material that reduces oxygen levels in water bodies as microorganisms consume oxygen to decompose this waste.

Organic Chemicals

Compounds containing carbon that are found in or produced by living systems.

Thermal Water Pollution

Pollution caused by discharging hot water or industrial effluents into rivers or seas, affecting aquatic life and ecosystems.