Why Would It Be Important for the Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion

question 20

Multiple Choice

Why would it be important for the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test to use a standard concentration (number of cells in the sample) of each of the bacterial strains being tested?

• A) If you were to use one strain that was stationary phase (high concentration, replicating very slowly or not at all), and another strain that was just beginning log phase (low concentration but replicating quickly), you could see different results in the test, affecting your interpretation. 
• B) Growth on the Mueller-Hinton agar plates utilized is very sensitive to the phase of the growth curve the bacteria are in when they are placed on the plate.  If they are not in the log phase when they are placed on the plate, they will not grow and the test will be worthless.
• C) Antibiotic resistance is usually only manifested by bacteria that have achieved a very high concentration. It's important to use bacteria specifically at this particular point for disc diffusion testing.
• D) Antibiotics only work within a narrow range of cell concentrations. If you use a concentration that is too low or too high, you will get inaccurate measurements of the zone of inhibition.
• E) Bacteria only develop resistance when there are more than 10¹² cells/ mL. If resistance is to be detected, the test must use at least this concentration of cells. If fewer cells are used, no zone of inhibition will develop.

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Definitions:

Aging

The process of categorizing accounts receivable based on how long an invoice has been outstanding to determine credit risk.

Direct Write-Off Method

An accounting method used to recognize bad debts at the point when specific accounts are deemed uncollectible, directly impacting the income statement.

Allowance Method

An accounting technique used to manage accounts receivable and bad debt by estimating uncollectible accounts at the end of each period.

Write Off

The accounting action of recognizing that an asset has reduced in value and reporting its loss.