Why Are Nucleoside Analogs Active Only Against Replicating Viruses

question 2

Multiple Choice

Why are nucleoside analogs active only against replicating viruses?

• A) These drugs can only be taken up by cells that are infected by viruses. They are shut out from non-infected cells. This makes them effective only against cells where viruses are replicating.
• B) Each of these drugs is specifically activated by enzymes produced by the viruses. The viruses will only produce these enzymes when they are replicating, so the drugs can only become activated when these processes are occurring.
• C) Nucleoside analogs work by directly inhibiting the activity of nucleic acid polymerases. If the virus isn't actively replicating, there's no DNA/RNA polymerase active for the drug to inhibit, so the drug cannot work.
• D) Nucleoside analogs work by being incorporated into growing strands of DNA/RNA. This indirectly shuts down further extension of these chains. However, new strands of viral DNA/RNA are only being created when the virus is replicating. Thus, these drugs can only work when the virus is actively replicating as well.
• E) Nucleoside analogs work by being incorporated into growing strands of amino acids during enzyme synthesis. This indirectly shuts down further extension of these chains. However, new viral proteins are only being created when the virus is replicating, so these medications only work if that is the case.

Apply the concept of utility maximization to determine the optimal choice of goods within a budget constraint.

Recognize the effect of price changes on the optimal choice point and consumer welfare.

Distinguish between different types of goods (normal, inferior, complements, and substitutes) based on consumer behavior.

Understand the relationship between the marginal utility of goods and the allocation of income to maximize total utility.

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Definitions:

Voice Qualities

The characteristics of a person's voice, including tone, pitch, and volume, which can affect interpersonal communication.

Ethnolinguistic Vitality

The capacity of a language and its culture to maintain and assert its presence in the face of external influences and internal changes.

Solidarity Variables

Factors that contribute to the unity or agreement within a group, often leading to cohesive social relationships.

Morphemes

The smallest grammatical units in a language that carry meaning.