You Go for Your Regular Pap Test and Are Informed

question 32

Multiple Choice

You go for your regular Pap test and are informed by your OBGYN that you are positive for HPV16. You are surprised because you have not noticed any signs or symptoms of infection. Your doctor explains that sexually transmitted HPV strains are among the most common of the STI agents, and that while some HPV strains cause warty growths of the external and internal genitalia, other strains cause non-warty lesions of mucosal surfaces such as the uterine cervix. These strains are of concern because they are a major factor in the development of cervical cancer. You ask your doctor a number of questions regarding HPV and HPV infection.
-Is the risk of developing cervical cancer the same for all strains of HPV?

• A) Yes. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus, so any HPV strain will definitely integrate into the host cell chromosome, becoming oncogenic and leading to the development of cancer.
• B) No. Wart-causing HPV types exists in infected cells as extrachromosomal, closed DNA circles, while the genome of high-risk (cancer-associated) HPV types integrate into the chromosome of the host cell.
• C) No. Wart-causing HPV types are double-stranded RNA viruses which are easily eliminated by the immune system while cancer-causing HPV types are double-stranded DNA viruses that can integrate into the host cell chromosome.
• D) No. It depends on the infected person's immune system rather than the virus. Any HPV type can cause cancer but some people have a stronger immune system than others and are able to fight off the virus before it gets a chance to integrate into the host chromosome.
• E) No. Wart-causing HPV types are double-stranded DNA viruses which are easily eliminated by the immune system while cancer-causing HPV types are retroviruses that can integrate into the host cell chromosome.

Identify common digestive disorders and their causes.

Explain the role of different enzymes and chemicals in digestion.

Understand dietary requirements and the effects of deficiencies.

Understand the role of various components and nutrients in the body's function and their sources.

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Definitions:

Constant Slope

Refers to a linear relationship plotted on a graph where the rate of change between the variables remains unchanged across the graph.

Price Elasticity

An evaluation of the degree to which a change in the cost of a good influences the amount of it demanded.

Total Revenue

The total receipts from sales of a given quantity of goods or services; calculated as the unit price multiplied by the number of units sold.

Elastic Portion

A segment of the demand curve where a change in price leads to a more than proportional change in quantity demanded, indicating high price sensitivity.