You Go for Your Regular Pap Test and Are Informed

question 44

Multiple Choice

You go for your regular Pap test and are informed by your OBGYN that you are positive for HPV16. You are surprised because you have not noticed any signs or symptoms of infection. Your doctor explains that sexually transmitted HPV strains are among the most common of the STI agents, and that while some HPV strains cause warty growths of the external and internal genitalia, other strains cause non-warty lesions of mucosal surfaces such as the uterine cervix. These strains are of concern because they are a major factor in the development of cervical cancer. You ask your doctor a number of questions regarding HPV and HPV infection.
-Which of the following STI signs and symptoms do NOT apply to HPV infection?

• A) Possible rectal or vaginal bleeding, depending on wart location.
• B) Flat, raised, or cauliflower-like warts at the vaginal opening AND detectable warts at the anus.
• C) Possible rectal or vaginal bleeding, depending on wart location AND warts at the vaginal opening or anus.
• D) Painless ulcer (chancre) at the site of pathogen entry AND pus containing diplococci.
• E) These signs and symptoms are all associated with HPV infections.

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Definitions:

Socially Optimal Level

An economic condition where resources are allocated in a way that maximizes the overall benefit to society, considering both efficiency and equity.

Regulation

A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.

Taxation

The process by which governments charge fees on individuals and corporations to fund public services and infrastructure.

Market Inefficiencies

Situations where resources are not distributed optimally in a market, often leading to a loss in economic or social value.