Within an Organization, the Trait Approach Can Be Applied to

question 37

Multiple Choice

Within an organization, the trait approach can be applied to

• A) Low-level managers
• B) Middle-level managers
• C) Upper-level managers
• D) All levels of the organization

---

Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Expenses that do not change with the level of production or sales volume, remaining constant over a specified period of time.

Traceable Fixed Advertising

Traceable fixed advertising costs are fixed expenses allocated to specific marketing campaigns or advertisements, whose effectiveness in generating sales can be directly monitored and assessed.

Fixed General Factory Overhead

Refers to the regular, consistent costs incurred by a factory that are not directly tied to the level of production, such as rent and salaries of permanent staff.

Variable Production Costs

Variable production costs refer to expenses that change in direct proportion to the volume of production, such as raw materials and labor costs.