The Probability of Heavy Traffic on a Provincial Highway Is

question 26

Essay

The probability of heavy traffic on a provincial highway is 20%, while the probabilities of low and medium traffic are 50% and 30% respectively. It was estimated that annual maintenance costs of the highway are $20 000 in the case of low traffic, $30 000 in the case of medium traffic and $100 000 in the case of heavy traffic. Calculate the expected value of the annual maintenance costs.

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Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

A learning process where behavior is controlled through consequences like rewards or punishments.

Behavior Modification

A therapy approach aimed at changing undesired behaviors through reinforcement, punishment, and other learning principles.

Modeling

A method used in various contexts, including psychology, whereby learning occurs through the observation and replication of behaviors.

Exposure Therapy

A psychological treatment that helps individuals confront their fears by gradual, controlled exposure to the feared object or context without any danger.