Morton Grodzins Described the Shift from the Use of Federal

question 5

Multiple Choice

Morton Grodzins described the shift from the use of federal grants as a means of supplementing states' traditional functions to a post-1960s era marked by intergovernmental cooperation as a move from "layer cake" to "marble cake" federalism because:

• A) the goals and rules of grants programs grew more elaborate and tangled over time.
• B) state and federal functions are still fairly distinct, but less so, and they now include chunks or marble-like sections of local activity and funding as well.
• C) state and federal functions were once more distinct, but federal power cut state power dramatically from the 1960s on, leaving its role akin to streaks in a marble cake.
• D) marble cakes tend to be more expensive to produce or buy than layer cakes, reflecting the greater expense of post-1960s federalism.

---

Definitions:

Behaviour

The actions or reactions of an individual in response to external or internal stimuli, often observed in the context of society or an organizational setting.

Legitimate Power

Authority that is recognized and accepted, based on a person's position or role within an organizational hierarchy.

Organizational Position

A specific role or rank within an organization, typically associated with certain responsibilities and authority.

Behaviour

A range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with their environment, which includes other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment.