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Product differentiation allows a firm to charge a higher price because the residual demand curve facing the firm
Direct Tax
Taxes paid directly to the government by the taxpayer, such as income tax.
Indirect Tax
A tax collected by an intermediary (like a retailer) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (like the consumer). Examples include sales tax and VAT (Value Added Tax).
Fiscal Year
A 12-month period used for accounting purposes and preparing financial statements that may or may not align with the calendar year.
Marginal Tax Rate
The tax rate applied to the last dollar of income earned.
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