Questions Refer to the Passage Below

question 59

Multiple Choice

Questions refer to the passage below.
The basis of irreligious criticism is this: man makes religion; religion does not make man. Religion is indeed man's self-consciousness and self-awareness so long as he has not found himself or has lost himself again. But man is not an abstract being, squatting outside the world. Man is the human world, the state, society. This state, this society, produce religion which is an inverted world consciousness, because they are an inverted world. Religion is the general theory of this world, its encyclopedic compendium, its logic in popular form. . . . The struggle against religion is, therefore, indirectly, a struggle against that world whose spiritual aroma is religion.
Religious suffering is at the same time an expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.
The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of men, is a demand for their real happiness.
Karl Marx, critique of religion, 1843
-What aspect of Enlightenment thinking is reflected in this passage?

• A) Mercantilism
• B) Demands for a meritocracy
• C) Demands for gender equality
• D) Rational empiricism

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Definitions:

CS

Stands for Conditioned Stimulus, which is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

UCS

Unconditioned Stimulus, an aspect of classical conditioning; a stimulus that naturally triggers a reflexive or unconditioned response without prior learning.

Conditioned Response Strength

The magnitude of a response elicited by a conditioned stimulus, often influenced by factors like the frequency and consistency of conditioning.

Church Bell

A bell found in a church tower or steeple, used for calling the congregation to worship and marking time.