Use the Passage Below to Answer All Parts of the Question

question 2

Essay

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows.
"The discovery of the Americas resulted in a vast movement of peoples across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe and Africa into the Western Hemisphere. These population movements, among the largest in world history up to that point, pale when measured against the long-distance migrations that occurred in the hundred years between 1840-1940. During these years, 150 million individuals of European and Asian descent filled up the less populous parts of the world moving from Europe, South Asia, and China into the Americas, Southeast Asia, northern Asia and even Africa, spreading a capitalist mode of production wherever they moved. A great many of the migrants went as laborers and worked in factories and on railroads, and on the rubber, sugar, tea, and coffee plantations springing up in tropical zones.
Although the new watchword in economic relations was free labor, not all men and women who moved were in fact free workers. Indentured servitude-that is, agreeing to work for a certain number of years, (usually between three and seven) in return for transportation, food, housing, clothing and small wages-was widely used with Chinese and Indian workers."
Adapted from Population Movements: Filling Up the Empty Spaces and Spreading Capitalism, pp. 912-913, WTWA Concise 2E, 2019
(A) Identify ONE continuity in global migration in the periods before and after 1840.
(B) Explain ONE change in global migration in the periods before and after 1840.
(C) Explain ONE global process after 1840 that contributed to the use of non-free labor systems.

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Definitions:

NPV

Net Present Value, a method used in capital budgeting to evaluate the profitability of an investment by comparing the present value of its cash inflows to the present value of its cash outflows.

Payback Period

The amount of time it takes for an investment to generate an amount of income or cash equivalent to the cost of the investment.

Discount Rate

The interest rate used to determine the present value of future cash flows, guiding investment and financing decisions by reflecting the opportunity cost of capital.