Questions Refer to the Passage Below

question 7

Multiple Choice

Questions refer to the passage below.
"As peoples, we reaffirm our rights to self-determination and to own, control and manage our ancestral lands and territories, waters and other resources. . . . We are the original peoples tied to the land by our umbilical cords and the dust of our ancestors. Our special places are sacred and demand the highest respect. . . . Our traditional knowledge is not in the public domain . . . unauthorized use and misappropriation of traditional knowledge is theft.
Economic globalization constitutes one of the main obstacles for the recognition of the rights of Indigenous Peoples. Transnational corporations and industrialized countries impose their global agenda on the negotiations and agreements of the United Nations system, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization and other bodies . . .
Indigenous Peoples, our lands and territories are not objects of tourism development. . . .We are responsible to defend our lands, territories, and indigenous peoples against tourism exploitation by governments, development agencies, private enterprises, NGOs, and individuals.
Recognizing the vital role that pastoralism and hunting-gathering play in the livelihood of many Indigenous Peoples, we urge governments to recognize, accept, support, and invest in pastoralism and hunting-gathering as viable and sustainable economic systems."
Exerpt from The Kimberly Declaration International Indigenous Peoples Summit on Sustainable Development Kimberly, South Africa, August, 2002
-Taken as a whole, the challenges of indigenous peoples around the world began with the:

• A) Industrial Revolution, which led to imperialism and the exploitation of indigenous peoples around the world.
• B) rise of agriculture-based states that challenged indigenous peoples for the best land and resources.
• C) process of globalization during the twentieth century, at which time indigenous peoples were first exposed to modernity.
• D) creation of the United Nations following World War II, which promoted the interests of the nation-state rather than the rights of indigenous peoples.

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Definitions:

Novation

Novation is the act of replacing one obligation with another by mutual agreement, effectively transferring the rights and duties to a new party.

Valid Obligation

A duty or commitment that is legally binding and enforceable by law.

Capital Investment

Funds spent by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets, such as property, industrial buildings, or equipment, to improve its business capacity or efficiency.

Partnership Creditors

Individuals or entities to whom a partnership owes money or has some form of legal financial obligation.