Nonresponse Bias Is

question 47

Multiple Choice

Nonresponse bias is:

• A) when participants choose responses that are socially acceptable.
• B) an outside influence that affects the true score in consistent ways.
• C) a potential systematic difference between those who refuse to participate and those who choose to participate.
• D) when participants are aware of the research question and change their response as a result.

---

Definitions:

Biological Evolution

The process by which species of organisms change over time through variations in their genetic material.

Anaerobic Prokaryotes

Microorganisms that thrive in environments devoid of oxygen, obtaining energy through anaerobic processes such as fermentation.

Photosynthetic Prokaryotes

Microorganisms that possess the ability to carry out photosynthesis, such as cyanobacteria, without a defined nucleus.

Primitive Atmosphere

Describes the early Earth's atmosphere, which lacked oxygen and was composed mainly of carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, and inert gases.