The Belief That Ethical Decisions Should Be Based on Acting

question 104

Multiple Choice

The belief that ethical decisions should be based on acting in accordance with one's own self-interest is known as _____, whereas the belief that ethical decisions should be based on helping without personal benefit is known as _____.

• A) the utilitarian perspective; the altruistic perspective
• B) egoism; the utilitarian perspective
• C) the utilitarian perspective; egoism
• D) egoism; the altruistic perspective

Understand and describe the principles of learning that enhance self-control.

Explain the partial reinforcement effect and its relationship with extinction and continuous reinforcement within the context of operant conditioning.

Identify and describe mirror neurons and their significance in imitation and observational learning.

Analyze the adaptive nature of learning in the context of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.

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Definitions:

Surplus

A situation where the quantity supplied of a good or service exceeds the quantity demanded at the current price.

Deflationary Gap

A situation where total spending (aggregate demand) in an economy is lower than the level required to sustain full employment output, leading to deflation and unemployment.

Equilibrium GDP

The level of Gross Domestic Product at which aggregate supply equals aggregate demand, leading to an economy operating at full capacity without inflationary pressures.

Full Employment GDP

The level of gross domestic product achieved when there is no cyclical unemployment in the economy, representing an ideal economic state where all willing and able workers find employment.