Dr Clarks Emphasizes That Longitudinal Studies Are Considered Within-Subjects Design

question 22

Multiple Choice

Dr. Clarks emphasizes that longitudinal studies are considered within-subjects design because:

• A) participants are measured twice, once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study.
• B) participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
• C) participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
• D) fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.

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Definitions:

Primary Group

A small social group characterized by close, personal relationships, enduring for a long period.

Secondary Group

A social group characterized by impersonal and formal interactions, geared towards the accomplishment of specific tasks or objectives, rather than personal relationships.

Coterie

An exclusive circle or group of individuals with shared interests or goals, often characterized by a sense of loyalty or mutual understanding.

Bureaucratically

Pertaining to the complex administrative procedures and processes of organizations or governments.