Direct Controls on Polluting Activity

question 157

Multiple Choice

Direct controls on polluting activity

• A)have never been tried as an instrument of environmental policy.
• B)have been the chief instrument of environmental policy.
• C)have been rejected as a tool of environmental policy.
• D)are the tool of future environmental policy, based on 1993 legislation.

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Definitions:

Punishment

A process that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, often through unpleasant consequences following that behavior.

Stimulus Generalization

The process by which a response is given to similar stimuli as to the original conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior, which increases or decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Passive Avoidance Learning

A form of learning in which an individual learns to refrain from certain behaviors as a result of experiencing or anticipating negative consequences.