When Providing Genetic Counseling to an Individual with a Relative

question 3

Multiple Choice

When providing genetic counseling to an individual with a relative who has a complex trait, which of the following types of information is used?

• A) Empirical risk estimates based on averages from similar families
• B) The mode of inheritance
• C) Hardy-Weinberg law
• D) Estimates of heritability from family studies
• E) All of the above

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Definitions:

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli which become rewarding through their association with primary reinforcers, such as praise, tokens, or money.

Primary Reinforcers

Innate reinforcing stimuli that satisfy basic biological needs, such as food, water, and warmth.

Primary Reinforcer

A stimulus that is inherently rewarding and fulfills a basic biological need or desire.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, money, or tokens, which are not naturally rewarding.