(Figure: Efficient Quantities and Consumers) Suppose that the demand curves for two consumers of good X are presented in the graph. The marginal cost of producing good X is MC = $9. 
a. If good X is rival and excludable, what is its efficient quantity?
b. If good X is nonrival and nonexcludable, what is its efficient quantity?
Definitions:
Less Attractive
The subjective evaluation of an individual or item as being less appealing, desirable, or pleasing in appearance compared to others.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behaviors.
Actor-observer Bias
The tendency to attribute one's own actions to external factors while attributing others' actions to their internal characteristics.
Situational Influences
External factors present in an individual's environment that impact behavior, decisions, and perceptions.
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