The Budgeting Approach Based on the Collective Judgments of Top

question 44

Multiple Choice

The budgeting approach based on the collective judgments of top and middle managers is called:

• A) top-down budgeting
• B) bottom-up budgeting
• C) activity budgeting
• D) program budgeting
• E) life cycle budgeting

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Definitions:

Developing Countries

Nations with a lower living standard, undeveloped industrial base, and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

Vicious Circle

A complex chain of events that reinforces itself through a feedback loop, leading to a negative or undesirable outcome.

Foreign Aid Methods

Various strategies or approaches for providing assistance to countries and communities in need, including grants, loans, and technical support.

Delivering Funds

The process of transferring money from one party to another, which can occur through various methods such as electronic transfer, check, or cash.