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In a fourth-grade classroom, a teacher rewards his students for keeping their desks clean by awarding them stars for every day they do this. At the end of the school year, the stars can be redeemed for prizes such as colouring books or pencil sets. This teacher is using what is called a token economy.
Collusion
A non-competitive, secret, and often illegal agreement between rivals aiming to disrupt the market's equilibrium by controlling the market price, production, or marketing of goods and services.
Empty Threat
In a sequential game with two players, a noncredible (bluffing) statement made by Player 1 that threatens a penalizing action against Player 2 if Player 2 does something that Player 1 does not want Player 2 to do. Opposite of credible threat.
Coercion
The act of compelling or forcing someone to act in a certain way through pressure, threats, or the use of force.
Threatened Firm
A business that faces potential decline or failure due to competitive, economic, or operational challenges.
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