Dr White Wants to Look at the Impact of Failure

question 149

Multiple Choice

Dr. White wants to look at the impact of failure on self-esteem. He designs an experiment where half of the participants are led to believe that they have failed on an ambiguous task, while the other half of the participants are told that they have succeeded. Dr. White then has the people in his study complete a questionnaire measuring self-esteem and he looks to see if there are any differences in self-esteem between the success and failure groups. In this example, self-esteem would be considered the

• A)dependent variable
• B)independent variable
• C)placebo variable
• D)confounding variable

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Definitions:

Cognitive Development

The process of growth and change in intellectual capabilities, influencing how an individual perceives, thinks, and understands their world.

Secondary Circular Reactions

A developmental stage in infants, identified by Jean Piaget, involving repetitive actions focused on external objects, symbolizing the beginning of intentional and coordinated activities.

Object Permanence

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched, typically developed during infancy.

Secondary Circular Reactions

Repetitive actions in infants aged 4-8 months, centered around the infant's own body, demonstrating the beginning of intentionality.