A Placebo Effect Makes It Difficult to Draw Cause and Effect

question 403

Multiple Choice

A placebo effect makes it difficult to draw cause and effect conclusions because we cannot tell whether

• A)it is the treatment or the researcher's behaviors that are responsible for the results
• B)it is the treatment or the participant's expectations that are responsible for the results
• C)random sampling or random assignment is appropriate for the study
• D)it is the independent variable or the dependent variable that are responsible for the results
• E)the variables were operationally defined

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Definitions:

Transference

A phenomenon in psychoanalysis in which a patient redirects feelings and desires, often unconsciously, from a person in their past to a new object, usually the therapist.

Gain-Loss Theory

A psychological concept suggesting that a person's attraction to others increases with signs of increasing interest from them, and decreases with signs of disinterest or hostility.

Halo Effect

A cognitive bias in which an observer's overall impression of a person, product, or company influences their feelings and thoughts about that entity's character or properties.

Mate Selection

This process involves choosing a partner for romantic or sexual relationships, based on various factors such as personal preferences, social norms, and evolutionary influences.