List the Four Ways of Defining and Measuring Variables

question 195

Essay

List the four ways of defining and measuring variables. For each method, give an example of how it could be applied in a study examining stress, and list a limitation.

---

Definitions:

Sleep Spindles

are sudden bursts of oscillatory brain activity visible on an EEG that occur during stage 2 of non-REM sleep, associated with memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity.

Stage 2 Sleep

The second phase of the sleep cycle, characterized by the body's gradual decrease in temperature and heart rate, preparing for deep sleep.

Barbiturate

An addictive depressant used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep.

Nembutal

A barbiturate used medically as a sedative and anesthetic, but also known for its use in euthanasia and assisted suicide.