NPR ("Certain Green Industries Have Job Openings", November 12, 2008)

question 14

Multiple Choice

NPR ("Certain Green Industries Have Job Openings", November 12, 2008) reported on a story about wind turbine manufacturers in Ohio having trouble finding skilled workers. The report noted that as a result tens of thousands of people having been laid off, there is "a huge pool of job-seekers." The firms claim to "offer good pay and benefits." A representative from the United Steelworkers claims that their union members have easily transferrable skills, but the pay is too low, around $30,000 annually. A manager at Apollo Alliance says that workers in the new industry need different skills than those in the old steel industry. The type of unemployment described in the story is ________ unemployment.

• A) cyclical
• B) structural
• C) frictional
• D) efficiency wage

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Definitions:

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

A fixed-ratio schedule is a type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.

Variable-Ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in which a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, leading to high and steady response rates.

Continuous Schedule

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule where every instance of the desired behavior is reinforced.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others, also known as modeling.