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The government's budget deficit or surplus equals the
Dependent Variable
A variable in an experiment or model whose value is affected by changes in other (independent) variables.
Independent Variables
Variables in a statistical or mathematical model that are manipulated or selected by the researcher to determine their effect on dependent variables.
Sample Size
The number of observations or items selected from a population to participate in a study, which can influence the study's validity and outcomes.
Correlation Coefficient
A measure indicating the degree to which two variables are linearly related, ranging from -1 (perfect negative correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation).
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