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An example of the principal-agent problem is when
Variance
A measure of the spread of a set of data points around their mean value, indicating how much the data varies.
Binomial Random Variable
A type of random variable that results from an experiment consisting of a fixed number of independent trials, each with two possible outcomes (success or failure).
Hypergeometric Probability
The probability of a certain number of successes in draws, without replacement, from a finite population that contains exactly two kinds of objects.
Finite Population
A population set that contains a limited number of distinct units or elements.
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