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X wished to purchase a motor vehicle from Y on credit, but X was unemployed, and Y was hesitant to sell to him for that reason. Z, who was quite wealthy, said to Y: "Sell X the automobile on credit, and if X does not pay you, I will." Z has made an offer to guarantee the payment of the debt of X.
Ergs
Basic innate drives or impulses that motivate behavior, often used in the context of psychoanalytic theory.
Attitudes
Enduring sets of beliefs or feelings about people, objects, or ideas that predispose individuals to respond in certain ways.
Learned Helplessness
A condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed, characterized by the belief that one's actions have no effect on outcomes.
Learned Optimism
The concept that one can develop a more positive outlook through cognitive behavioral techniques, as proposed by psychologist Martin Seligman.
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