Scenario The Collared Lizard Is a Species Found in the Desert

question 10

Multiple Choice

Scenario
The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.
Create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull-or brightly colored) on the x-axis. On the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen by females. Using this graph
-"Male collared lizards show considerable color variation" This is a(n) ________.

• A)hypothesis
• B)conclusion
• C)observation
• D)result

Recognize the statistical significance and decision-making process in ANOVA and related post-hoc tests.

Identify the conditions where the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique is appropriate.

Distinguish between different types of designs (e.g., completely randomized design, randomized block design) in ANOVA.

Calculate and interpret test statistics in the context of ANOVA.

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Definitions:

Discounting Principle

The tendency to reduce the importance of any potential cause of another’s behavior to the extent that other potential causes exist.

Internal Attribution

The process of assigning the cause of behavior to an individual's internal characteristics or disposition rather than to external factors.

Magical Thinking

A belief system where individuals think that their thoughts, actions, or words can influence the outcome of events in the physical world in a manner that defies the conventional laws of cause and effect.

Superstitious Behavior

Actions based on irrational beliefs that certain rituals, symbols, or practices can influence the outcome of events without a logical basis.