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Almost Every Element of Bird Anatomy Is Modified for What

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Almost every element of bird anatomy is modified for what?


Definitions:

Null Hypothesis

The presumption of no significant difference or association in a set of data, serving as a default position in hypothesis testing until evidence suggests otherwise.

Aluminum Concentrations

The measured levels of aluminum in a given sample or environment.

Test Statistic

A statistic used to estimate the parameter of interest in a statistical hypothesis test.

Kruskal-Wallis Test

A nonparametric statistical test used to compare three or more groups based on ranked data. It is an extension of the Mann-Whitney U test for more than two groups.

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