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Research on Kohlberg's theory has shown no cultural variations in moral reasoning.
Primary Reinforcers
Innate or biologically based stimuli, such as food and water, that satisfy basic survival needs and are inherently rewarding.
Primary Reinforcers
Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill basic survival needs, such as food and water, and are therefore naturally effective in reinforcing behaviors.
Negative Reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing aversive stimuli. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: Negative reinforcement is not punishment.)
Punishment
An event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows.
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