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Scenario In the Late 1800s, Charles Darwin and His Son Francis

question 58

Multiple Choice

Scenario
In the late 1800s, Charles Darwin and his son Francis conducted the first experiments on phototropism. Several years later, their work was furthered by Peter Boysen-Jensen, Arpad Paal, and Frits Went. Peter Boysen-Jensen separated the tip of grass shoots from the rest of the plant using either tiny blocks of agar (a gelatin) or a mica wafer (an impervious rock) . Like the Darwins, Boysen-Jensen noticed that the grass did not grow toward a light without its tips. However, when he separated the tip from the rest of the plant using agar, the grass would grow toward a light. The grass would not grow toward a light if the tip of the shoot was separated using a mica wafer. Arpad Paal cut off the tips of grass shoots that were growing in the dark. He placed these cut tips back on the shoots, but with only part of the tip covering the cut surface, and found that the plants grew, in the dark, in the opposite direction from the side with the tip covering it. Lastly, Frits Went removed the tips of many grass shoots and placed them on a large block of agar for a few hours. Then, he cut up the agar block, and was able to make grass shoots without any tips at all grow toward a light by putting these agar blocks on the cut surfaces of the shoots (i.e., no tips were placed back on the shoots, only the agar) .
-If Paal grew his plants using a light source that was directly overhead, what should he have observed?

Definitions:

APC

Average Propensity to Consume, indicating the percentage of income that an individual or average consumer spends rather than saves.

Disposable Income

The total amount of money available for an individual or household to spend or save after taxes have been deducted.

Consumption

The use of goods and services by households, constituting one of the major components of GDP.

APC

Average Propensity to Consume, which is the fraction of income that is consumed rather than saved.