Which of the Following Illustrates a Difference Between Experimental and Non‑experimental

question 86

Multiple Choice

Which of the following illustrates a difference between experimental and non‑experimental approaches to research

• A) Only experimental methods can imply causation.
• B) In nonexperimental methods, the researcher manipulates an independent variable.
• C) Only experimental methods measure dependent variables
• D) Nonexperimental methods test cause and effect relationships.

---

Definitions:

Panic Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms such as chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress.

Panic Attacks

Sudden, intense surges of fear or discomfort, often with physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, or dizziness.

Behaviorists

Psychologists who focus on observable behaviors and the ways they're learned, rather than on cognitive processes.

Operant Conditioning

An approach to training in which the vigor of a conduct is influenced by offering reinforcements or enforcing sanctions.