The Association Between Parental Involvement in School and Academic Achievement

question 6

Multiple Choice

The association between parental involvement in school and academic achievement is

• A)consistent across socioeconomic and ethnic groups.
• B)stronger for low-income families than for affluent families.
• C)stronger for European Canadian families than for African Canadian families.
• D)stronger for families of girls than for families of boys.

---

Definitions:

Probability

The measure of likelihood that an event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Random Variable

A variable whose values depend on outcomes of a random phenomenon. It can be discrete or continuous.

Standard Deviation

A metric that quantifies the spread or variation of a dataset in comparison to its average value.

Normal Model

A probability distribution that is symmetrical around the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean.