In Instrumental Conditioning, What Is the Distinction Between Negative Reinforcement

question 62

Multiple Choice

In instrumental conditioning, what is the distinction between negative reinforcement and punishment?

• A) There is no difference. They are two words for the same concept.
• B) Negative reinforcement can occur when a stimulus is positive, and punishment only occurs when a stimulus is painful.
• C) Negative reinforcement occurs when a negative outcome is avoided, while punishment occurs when an action causes a negative outcome.
• D) Negative reinforcement creates a preference for negative results, while punishment teaches people to avoid negative results.

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Definitions:

Financing Activities

These activities generate cash inflows and outflows related to borrowing from and repaying principal to creditors and completing transactions with the company’s owners, such as selling or repurchasing shares of common stock and paying dividends.

Common Stock

A type of equity security that represents ownership in a corporation, giving the holder a share of the corporation's profits and assets.

Cash Outflow

Money that is spent or paid out by a business or individual, resulting in a decrease in cash balance.

Financing Activities

Refers to transactions and business events affecting long-term liabilities and equity, including obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on their investment.