How Does the Respiratory System Contribute to Osteoporosis

question 110

Multiple Choice

How does the respiratory system contribute to osteoporosis?

• A) Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted.
• B) Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.
• C) Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.
• D) Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair.
• E) Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.

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Definitions:

Subclavian Vein

A major vein in the upper body that carries blood from the arms and shoulders back to the heart.

Renal Vein

A blood vessel that carries filtered blood away from the kidney and back toward the heart.

Ulnar Vein

A vein located in the forearm that drains blood from the hand and forearm back towards the heart, part of the superficial venous system of the arm.

Aortic Arch

The aortic arch is the curved portion of the aorta, the major artery in the body, which branches out to supply blood to the head, neck, and arms.