The _________ Attack Is When the Attacker Is Looking for Two

question 5

Multiple Choice

the _________ attack is when the attacker is looking for two messages M and M1 that produce the same hash: H(M) = H(M1)

• A)birthday
• B)chaining
• C)MAC
• D)hash

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Definitions:

Estimators

Statistical methods or formulas that provide point or interval estimates for unknown population parameters based on sampling data.

Null Hypothesis

In statistical testing, the hypothesis that there is no effect or no difference, and any observed variations are due to chance.

Level Of Significance

The threshold below which a p-value must fall for an effect to be considered statistically significant, indicating the extent to which a test rejects the null hypothesis.

Confidence Interval

A statistical range, based on sample data, that is likely to contain the true population parameter with a specified level of confidence.