How Much of O₂ from Water Flowing Over Gills Is

question 2

Multiple Choice

How much of O₂ from water flowing over gills is extracted by countercurrent exchange?

• A) 50% to 60%
• B) 60% to 70%
• C) 80% to 90%
• D) 90% to 100%

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Definitions:

Type 2 Diabetes

A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose), characterized by insulin resistance.

Hyperglycemia

A condition characterized by an excessive amount of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus.

Phospholipase C

An enzyme that plays a key role in cell signaling processes by hydrolyzing phospholipids to produce inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), important secondary messengers.

Protein Kinase C

an enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them, important in various cellular processes.